How to Get an AP World History Long Essay Question Sample

How to Get an AP World History Long Essay Question SampleIf you've always wanted to enter AP World History, you're about to get your opportunity. Your previous experience is not going to be a problem as long as you have one year of college credits. And, you can take any AP course for any subject, be it foreign language, literature, civics, or history. So if you have a desire to earn your high school diploma and you want to study at the same time, or just want to do both, it will not be a problem.Another thing that may be of help is that the AP courses are similar in some ways. In terms of content, there are no long essays. What you do study is a short essay, of which you only have to write a maximum of two pages. The points to consider are the following: what's the main topic of the AP world history course?This is something that has a big role in helping you select the best AP world history course that would fit your needs. By knowing this, you can easily check out the different cour ses that will match your interests and qualifications.All the AP courses have been chosen by the administration, and it will come as no surprise if you get a comprehensive study course to be used for a single world history examination. Therefore, the sooner you decide on your choice, the better.One thing to look into while deciding on the AP course is the level of difficulty of the course. There are four levels, namely the beginner's, intermediate, advanced, and advanced-intermediate. You will find them for the level you want to study. If you are looking for a practical course, the AP World History-intermediate-advanced-advanced level course will be your best choice.To top it all, you will also find the AP World History course for free, if you have a credit card with a balance on it. So get hold of that free money and get ready to move onto your new challenge.All in all, you should plan on getting the most out of the AP World History exam by choosing the correct AP course. Make sure you read through all the details thoroughly, and pick the right one. Once you have made up your mind, make sure you keep it.

The Escape from Sobibor Essay Example

The Escape from Sobibor Essay During the Holocaust, there were many concentration and death camps. Some were used for labor, others for the sole purpose of eliminating the Jews. Some of the death camps were very well know like Auschwitz. Others were very small but were there for the same purpose. Sobibor was a very small death camp outside of the small town of Sobibor, in Poland. Nothing was very special about this camp; It was small, the living conditions were terrible, a lot of people were infected with disease, some people worked, most people died. It was a typical death camp. The only difference was that the Jews in this camp led a revolt, and won. Using the help of Russian POWs and good team work, they were able to escape the inevitable death that awaited them. I believe that the escape from Sobibor Death Camp was only possible do to excellent team work, careful planning, communication, cooperation, and trust. From the time of its creation in June of 1942 to the time of the revolt on October 14, 1943, Sobibor was responsible for the deaths of over 260,000 Jews (not to mention gypsies, POWs, and other inferior races). If you were sent to Sobibor, rest-assure you were going to die unless you had some sort of working skill which was essential to the Germans needs. Jewish prisoners were brought to Sobibor on large cargo trains. They would pull up to the stations to the sounds of symphony orchestras playing. Some times Jews were brought to Sobibor in luxury trains so that they wouldnt panic while being transported to the camp. These two things were done to fool the Jews into thinking that nothing bad was going to happen to them. None of the Jews had a clue as to what it going to happen to them. The Jews would exit the trains and all of their belongings would be stripped away from them. Families were torn apart and forced into lines of women and men. The SS officers would walk up and down the rows of people asking if anyone had different working skills. Those people were taken separately into the main grounds of the camp and were immediately put to work. The people not taken to work were immediately gassed and cremated. No one that worked in the camp realized what the camp was really for. They believed it was a labor camp and when they were put t o work, they thought that the rest of their family was put to work in another part of the camp. In actuality, the workers family members who did not ask for jobs were probably already dead and cremated. We will write a custom essay sample on The Escape from Sobibor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Escape from Sobibor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Escape from Sobibor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The thought of a mass revolt was barely even mentioned in between the prisoners until the Russian POWs arrived. Alexander Petjerski, who was renamed Sasha by the Jews, was the leader of these 70 soldiers. He was a man of great pride who one day at Sobibor he was challenged by an SS to complete a task so as to not be whipped; when he won, he refused two prizes that the SS offered. All POWs sent to death camps were usually killed as soon as they were sent there. The only reason these 70 men were still alive was there was a paper work botch up and they were sent to do labor. About 120 other men from their group were sent to death, though for some reason, 70 were not. When they first arrived, Sasha had already began going over an escape route in his head and was already making plans. There was one attempt at an escape with the digging of a underground tunnel. This was ruined when a large rain fall caused the tunnel to collapse. He hadnt planned on telling the Jews about his plan because he didnt think that they could be trusted. He had no idea that there was already plans for a mass escape that was being put together by a very small group of Jewish prisoners lead by Leon Felhendler. But before the Jews could start working with the POWs, they had to check up on them to make sure they could be trusted and to see if they were willing to cooperate. After about three weeks, the Jews believed that they could trust the POWs, so Felhendler and Sasha exchanged ideas about the plans that they had about the escape. This trust they had for each other became stronger when they all realized what was happening to the people who werent sent to work. This trust ne eded to be with everyone involved in organizing the revolt because they needed to keep it secret so that word about the revolt isnt accidentally heard by an SS. As the day of the mass revolt moved near, people were becoming more scared of what was going to happen. Some people were afraid that they wouldnt succeed and all of them would be killed because of their attempt to escape. It is not yet time for the uprising. Tomorrow none of us will be alive. Everything will remain as it was the barracks, the sun will rise and set, the flowers will bloom and wilt, but we will be no more. Said Ester Grinbaum, who was one of the very few women informed about the revolt. Her best friend, Helka Lubartowska, who was in the same barracks with Ester tried to comfort her, There is no other way. Nobody knows what the results will be but one thing is for sure, we will not be led to slaughter. All of the people stuck by each other and gave each other support. Weapons were made and carefully handed to other people. Plans were carefully laid out. The day of escape from Sobibor was upon all of the prisoners of the camp. The original planned date for the revolt was for October 14, 1943. One teenager who was a prisoner at the camp realized only 3 hours before the killings were going to start that another small group of SS had arrived at the camp. For this, the revolt would have to be postponed because there would be too many armed guards and the Jews would all surely perish. The revolt was postponed for the next day. The Jews didnt get down on themselves because they knew that it only meant one more day until freedom. On the day of the revolt, the plans were done and ready to be executed (no pun intended). The plan was to kill as many of the SS as possible so the revolt would be much easier because of less armed defenses. This would have been a extremely hard plan accept for the fact that the Jews did have the resources to make weapons. In the morning before the revolt, while prisoners were off doing their work, they collected anything that could be used as a weapon. One boy while working in the storage warehouse, put guns and ammo clips into a tube case that would usually be used for carrying large rolled up papers. All equipment was brought to Sasha and Felhendler. From there, they distributed the weapons strategically to people that worked in different parts of the camp so that the weaponry would be spread evenly. Prisoners working in the silver and goldsmith shops made daggers and axes and these were given out evenly to all of the prisoners who were part of the planning. Now that the weapons w ere ready and in place, the time for the killing was upon them. Sasha, Felhendler, and a very small group of other prisoners had come up with plans to kill the SS officers one by one. The plan was to lore the SS into different indoor areas and kill them with non-projectile weapons such as knifes and axes. The bodies would have to be carefully hidden and all blood would have to be cleaned so as not to leave a sign of a struggle. The killing of most of the SS was planned out because the Jews knew where these officers were going to be at certain times of the day. Some SS were going to be in certain buildings because they had a Jew making them a coat or making them a special pair of boots. Sasha and Felhendler made sure to ask anyone working in the shops if they were doing any special jobs for SS. When they said they were, they were given the job of killing and disposing of that specific SS officer. Some officers who were killed were not part of the original plan. They went in to different shops where other SS had to be killed so the Jews killed them too. Each time an SS was killed, children prisoners would run to where ever Sasha was and tell him. By the time of the actual revolt, 11 of the 17 SS officers had been killed completely unnoticed. When it came time for the actual revolt, the prisoners were ecstatic. By now, they had all been told what was going to happen and for the most part, they thought they had a pretty good chance of pulling it off. At about the middle of the day, the prisoners all assembled in the main yard for the daily head count. Without warning, Felhendler ran out of line and yelled, Our day has come. Most of the Germans are dead. Lets die with honor. Remember, if anyone survives, he must tell the world what has happened here. With that, the prisoners all screamed Hurrah, and the great escape from Sobibor began. Now it was every man for himself. The people who took part in the planning of the revolt stayed in the main part of the camp trying to fight back the Germans as much as they could using guns and other weapons. One group of men stayed side by side shooting none stop until all three of them were dead. It was that kind of comradeship that was a main asset to this mass revolt. As the Jews ran through the fields towards the forests, they didnt know that it was a mine field. When mines were stepped on, limbs and life was lost. Jews would pick up fallen brethren and run towards the forest to freedom. When they got to the forest, they all stuck together in small groups until they could find food and shelter. I believe that the use of excellent team work, good communication, careful planning, cooperation, and trust were the main reasons the revolt at Sobibor was successful. Team work was shown when Jews worked in pairs to kill the SS quickly and quietly. Good communication was shown when the word of the killings got around the camp very quickly. Careful planning was obviously shown because the Jews were able to kill 11 people in one morning totally unnoticed. When Sasha and Felhendler made plans for different aspects about the revolt, no one really opposed the two men because they knew they were wise and knew what they were talking about. People cooperated to the fullest extent and it paid off in the end. The aspect of trust is most important because without trust, none of the other aspects of good team work are possible.

Working In High School Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Working In High School Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Working In High School Having a job in high school gives me an edge. As an employee, I have learned to interact with many different types of people, work together, and learn the value of a dollar. Being employed is one of the best things that has ever happened to me. Participating in a job has offered me many opportunities to make friends, assume a leadership role, and take on responsibilities. Working has enabled me to become a more mature and well-rounded individual. Without a job, I would not be who I am today. When you are employed, you have to work every other day in order to make money, and it becomes apparent that you do not have all the time in the world to accomplish every day tasks like homework or athletics. With so much going on in a high- schoolers life, it is essential to prioritize. Participation in a job has helped me learn to do just that. By keeping an organized schedule of my responsibilities, and using my time well, I have been able to show my peers that it is possible to accomplish what needs to be done. At school and at work, people look up to me for advice. Just knowing that others see how hard you work to get things done in your own life makes the world of difference in how you feel about yourself. Despite the number of hours I have dedicated to my job, I have been able to maintain a B average. I have learned that if something is important to you, you can accomplish whatever you want to. My participation in the world of working has made all the difference to me. Working plays a key role in many students lives. Participation in employment has given me a sense of maturity and has made me feel good about myself. It has made a difference in my life, and I am sure in many other lives, too.

What General Ludendorff's notion of a stab-in-the-back refer to Essay

What General Ludendorff's notion of a stab-in-the-back refer to Political implications of this theory for Weimar Republic - Essay Example After Adolf Hitler was appointed as the chancellor the Weimar Republic came to an end and often the end of the Weimar Republic has been associated with Hitler’s rise to power. His rise to power is a very debatable topic however many people propose that the Weimar republic showed signs of decline from the beginning while others suggest that this was due to the poor decision making of the involved individuals particularly during the ending months of 1932-3 or on the great economic depression that was faced in 1929 (Fulbrook, 155). Whatever the reasons were, Hitler’s rise to power has always been a controversial subject that has lead to hot arguments (Fulbrook, 156). By the summers of 1918 it was clear that Germany had lost World War I. During the war massive capitalization was taking place that monopolized industries thereby excluding small businesses to disappear from the business arena. However, at the same time the working class was increasing in power as labor unions were considered as valid and improvements in the working conditions had been done. Due to shortage of labor during the war, women and many young people were also recruited into the labor force. The war time had resulted in many changes in the perceptions of people. Domestic turmoil in Germany grew as he World War I approached its end as the pressure from the people increased. The military was also reluctant to bring a civilian government in order to run away from its responsibility and accepting defeat (Fulbrook, 157). Constitutional reforms were introduced in October 1918 (Fulbrook, 157) and towards the end of the month a last attack was launched on the British to gain its honor back (Fulbrook, 158). Revolutionary unrest took place in November causing the government to resign while the emperor had already fled to Holland. While it seemed that a Marxist revolution would take place in Germany, a communist revolution took place in Russia in 1917 while compromises took place in Germany that was neither left wing nor right wing (Fulbrook, 158). The Weimar Constitution officially materialized in August 1919 according to which the President was to hold enormous powers. When the Treaty of Versailles was signed in the summers of the same year, the harsh terms lead to the restriction of army to only hundred thousand men and resulted in the loss of several German colonies. The concept of â€Å"stab-in-the-back† had started in August 1918 when German loss at World War I was obvious. According to the notion, the military defeat of the German army had been a result of deceit from within the country mainly from Jews and Socialists (Fulbrook, 164). The â€Å"stab-in-the-back† concept was increasingly being used after the war to oppose the Weimar Republic. Also, strikes and attacks on the Republic continued and while the right wings were not severely punished, the left wings were sentenced to death penalty spurring further unrest. It is also important to note that the left wingers opposed the Republic on account of the economic depression (Fulb rook, 164). The end of the Weimar Republic has also been a result of the changing perception of the public particularly after the economic recession seen after the New York stock market plunged in 1929. The declining economic activity in Germany left many of its people unemployed with only 2 people out of 3 being employed. Unemployment rates rose sharply as the country faced financial crisis. An atmosphere of hopelessness and depression took place among the German population and while few people remained committed to the Social Democratic party (SPD) despite the hardships, many turned towards the

Research Question Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Question - Research Paper Example Even though relationships between mothers and their children serve as a relevant source of support and protection even if they are not of the best quality, parents are not the only people who support children and help them deal with difficult life situations. Relationships between siblings and children are extremely important in the early childhood because children cannot take care after themselves and their parents ask siblings to help them by staying with the child for some short period of time. In the middle childhood siblings mediate conflicts in family relationships and become the source of protection for children. Gass, Jenkins and Dunn say that relationships between children and siblings become even more protective when there is a conflict in the marriage or parents make a decision to divorce. Overall, the article provides a deep insight into relationships between children and their relatives confirming the thesis that their relationships are of protective nature and they matt er a lot for creating supportive climate inside the

Church of the Sagrada Familia | Architecture Analysis

Church of the Sagrada Familia | Architecture Analysis Apertures of Ascension: Style and Design in the Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi The church of the Sagrada Familia, perhaps more than any of Gaudi’s earlier works, expresses his belief that a ‘mystic symbolism inhabits the form of architecture.’ (Schmutzler 1962, 212). The church was a lifetime commission and remained uncompleted upon his death in 1926 a reflection of the ambition and scale of the project. It has been described as the most important ecclesiastic building since the late eighteenth century (Schmultzer 1962, 227) with its most poignant features being the rich decoration and towers with their Expressionist shape and form. On the approach the eye is caught by the spindle-shaped towers ascending to differing heights. They were designed to represent the twelve Apostles, the Evangelists, Mary, with the tallest representing Jesus. One is immediately aware of the importance of verticality in Gaudi’s design both in the exterior and interior. The towers are yet to be completed, with work currently underway on constructing the tower of Jesus. However, the finished towers are strikingly tapered, standing proud against the skyline. Gaudi was a great believer in the importance of spiritual meaning in architecture and this is reflected in the placing of a symbol of each apostle on the highest point of each tower on the meeting place between the sky and the extent of the structure. The towers are decorated with Hosanna, Excelsis, and Sanctus, and the doors of the Passion faà §ade reproduce words from the Bible in different languages. Yet the placing of the symbols in such a prominent position is paramount here as it suggests that a language of symbols, without words, is the ultimate form of communication between man and God. In the model of the Sagrada Familia (see below) we see the tower of Jesus bearing the symbol of the cross itself pointed and finite: Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagrada_familia This image of the structure tapering to a single point, with all its supporting towers, illustrates Gaudi’s belief in the human effort to have faith in the single, omnipotent presence of God. This sense is conveyed upon entering the church when one becomes fully aware of the monumental scale of the structure and the diversity of forms which are incorporated into the design. Gaudi wanted to disassociate himself from the Gothic features of existing cathedrals, such as Chartres, where flying buttresses and external buttresses are an expected feature. The interior arches are thus not common in western architectural tradition and use non-circular shapes, called ‘parabolic’ or ‘catenary.’ (Huerta 2006: 324). The arches of the interior and the towers of the exterior both seek the same lines of ascension. Furthermore, there is a twofold sense of the infinite in both the interior and exterior design: firstly, the fact that the plans for both inside and outsid e have still not yet been executed illustrates how Gaudi’s ideas transcended the timeframe in which he had to work and might even exceed the 100th anniversary of his death. Secondly, it is evident that Gaudi wanted the finished Sagrada Familia to be a structure of indefinite permanence this can be seen in his use of weight bearing columns instead of flying buttresses. He refused to use the gothic buttresses, stating that they were akin to the ‘crutches of a cripple.’ http://www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_sagr2.asp. Furthermore, the fact that his buttresses were inside the building was imperative to him, as they avoided being subjected to the elements, which would have accelerated their deterioration and threatened the building’s permanence. There is perhaps even a symbolic meaning to this inclusion of the buttresses: it might suggest that spiritual strength in a human being as well as a building is internal and people should look within themselves for the way to communicate with God and not to others, or the material world. The Sangara Familia appears from the outside as a slender, insurmountable form, with the towers having an organic texture, like that of a honeycomb or wattle. This might be Gaudi suggesting that the natural world is imbued with spiritual importance with features such as the honeycomb having an intrinsic place within God’s design. As it has been said of Gaudi’s work, ‘artifice is made to resemble nature and nature to resemble artifice; contradictions are harmonized; planes, lines and intersections are constrained; the subtle and the hazy are cast in bronze and set in stone; music is injected into the solid, colour into the air, and even soul into mathematics. (Cassou et al 1962, 23). This tendency of Gaudi’s to decorate and design using natural imagery is continued in the interior with a richness of decoration and the inclusion of spiral staircases in the apse and bell towers. In the windows of the apse there are many features which are inspired from natur e, and are enhanced by light and shade contrasts. http://www.sagradafamilia.org/eng/index.htm. The subtle play on light in the interior is developed more expressively on the extravagant and diverse exterior facades, where the Nativity spires have colourful textured surfaces made of Gaudi’s technique of using mosaic tiles and broken Venetian glass. Figures of an emancipated Christ are juxtaposed against this rich decoration. Indeed, Gaudi has been described as not just an architect, but as a sculptor too, possessing the ‘ability to imbue structures with sculptural qualities, to conceive of architecture as a large shape that can be experienced tactually.’ (Collins 1962, 10). Yet his techniques differ considerably from one part of the church to the next. In the inner faà §ade of the transept we see geometrically pure, rectangular, rectilinear, or cubic forms (Schmutzler1962:,227), radically different to the prismatic external towers. It is as if he wanted his building to be prophetic, to see beyond the time of which it was born to the more dynamic eras ahead. This is reflected in his diverse style and his intention for the building to be illuminated at night to ‘proclaim the Almighty God.’ (Collins et al 1962, 161). He thus gave the spires openings where searchlights were to be installed, focusing on a huge cross on the central cupola and on the street below, reflecting his wish that the building’s presence could be felt and seen by all those in its vicinity, and for a long time to come. Bibliography Cassou, J., Langui, E., Pevsner, N., 1962, Gateway to the Twentieth Century: Art and Culture in a Changing World. New York: McGraw-Hill Crasemann Collins, C, ( transltr), Christiane Crasemann; Conrads, U., and Sperlich, H.G., 1962, The Architecture of Fantasy: Utopian Building and Planning in Modern Times. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Huerta, S., 2006, ‘Structural Design in the Work of Gaudi.’ Architectural Science Review. Volume: 49. Issue: 4. P. 324+. University of Sydney, Faculty of Architecture Schmutzler, R., 1962, Art Nouveau. New York: Harry N. Abrams URL’S Antoni Gaudi Website. Available from:  http://www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_sagr2.asp  [Accessed 06/03/07] Online Encyclopaedia. Available from:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagrada_familia  [Accessed 06/03/07] Sagrada Familia information pages. Available from:  http://www.sagradafamilia.org/eng/index.htm.  [Accessed 06/03/07] Spectroscopy of Salicylates | Lab Report Spectroscopy of Salicylates | Lab Report The scenario is that a woman has been stopped by the police due to the condition of her driving. She tells the police that her driving was erratic due to trying to take the lid of a bottle of aspirin which she required for a severe headache. The police could not find the aspirin bottle within the car and the woman then told the police that it got thrown out of the vehicle. Serums samples were taken from the woman to do alcohol and drug tests. Aspirin is an analgesic drug that provides pain relief without causing unconsciousness and anesthesia. Aspirin is used to help with pain, fever, osteoarthritis, inflammatory conditions, migraine headaches and many other things. Salicylates are the main substance in aspirin and this is what is being tested for. To test for this substance visible spectroscopy will be used. Spectroscopy has a variety of methods that are the interaction between light and matter. For this practical the method used is visible spectroscopy via the use of a spectrophotometer. This equipment measures the amount of light absorbed by passing a beam of light through the sample and the amount of light is measured by a detector. This produces an absorbance value which can be used to calculate concentrations. The aim of this test is to calculate the concentration of the serum samples to find out whether the levels of salicylic acid in these samples are toxic or not. Methods and Materials The materials that were used are 0.2mg/ml Salicylic acid, Ferric Nitrate solution, 0.039M HNO3, water and a sample of the womans serum. The equipment used was a spectrophotometer, a graduated pipette and cuvettes. To be able to find out the salicylic acid concentrations of the serum samples, six standard solutions had to be created first. Each standard solution was composed of a combination of H2O, salicylic acid, Ferric nitrate and HNO3 all totalling up to 2ml in each solution. The components of the solutions seen in table 1 were placed into test tubes using a graduated pipette. The solutions were then mixed thoroughly and left for 5 minutes. After five minutes a sample of each solution was placed into cuvettes using the pipette. The spectrophotometer was then set a 540nm.Using solution 1 as the blank; the spectrophotometer was then set to zero. Every other standard solution was then inserted into the spectrophotometer to obtain absorption measurements using the blank as a zero reference. Three 2ml samples of the womans serum were then created using a combination of the materials seen above. The components of the serum solutions were then placed into test tubes at the volumes shown in table 2. These samples were then mixed thoroughly and left for five minutes. After five minutes the samples were then placed into cuvettes, and then the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was again set at 540nm and the serum blank used as the blank. The other two serum samples were then placed into the machine and the absorption results recorded. Results The measurements from the spectrophotometer where recorded and concentrations of Salicylic acid calculated for the standard solution. These concentrations then created a calibration curve to allow the serum sample concentrations to be discovered. The concentrations in table 3 where calculated using C1V1=C2V2. Where C1 is 0.02mg/ml, the original concentration of salicylic acid, V1 is the volume of salicylic acid, C2 is the unknown concentration and V2 is 1ml, the total volume of H2O and Salicylic acid. For example standard 3 has the concentration 0.06mg/ml. From looking at table 1 it is seen that C1 is 0.02mg/ml andV1 is 0.3ml. it is then known that C2 is unknown and V2 is 1ml. The equation is then rearranged to C2 = C1V1/ V2 to produce C2=0.02mg/ml x 0.3ml / 1ml = 0.06mg/ml. The concentration and absorption results are then put into a graph to create a calibration curve. Calibration curve The calibration curve shown in figure 1 was plotted from the results in table 3. This curve was then used to calculate the concentration of the serum solutions. Concentration and absorbance results for the three serum samples The results in table 4 where done as a duplicate to make the results more accurate and reliable but due to an error within the practical. An average was later calculated to correct the inaccuracy created by the error, but ideally the test should have been done with 3 samples. Discussion Using the results from table 4 and the calibration curve from figure one it can be determined if the results agree with the drivers story. The average serum sample had a salicylic acid concentration of 0.116mg/ml. In relation to the standard solutions this result is quite high therefore the results confirm she did in fact take aspirin. From this it cannot be fully determined if the level is toxic or not. Salicylic acid toxicity causes many bio-chemical that target no specific organ. An acute overdose would cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting and tinnitus. If the overdose was chronic there would be symptoms like confusion, fever, hypoxia, dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Other symptoms of toxicity are respiratory alkalosis, alkaline urine and headaches. Comparing the symptoms with the scenario some of the symptoms could explain the reasons for her erratic driving but there still could be other reasons. Serum levels of salicylic acid provide if the ingested amount was therapeutic, toxic or chronic toxicity. A therapeutic level is 15-30mg/ml and a toxic level is 40-50mg/ml. Any serum level above 60mg/ml is a chronic level. To compare the concentration of the serum to toxicity levels the serum concentration must be converted to mg/dl. For this it is need to be known that there are 100 millilitres in 1 decilitre, therefore 0.116mg/ml needs to be multiplied by one hundred. The serum level is then 11.6mg/dl; this level is not a toxic level but does confirm that aspirin was taken at a possible therapeutic level. This confirms that the woman was telling the truth about taking aspirin but does not confirm why her driving was erratic. Other test could also be done to test for salicylic acid, these as urine pH, a bedside ferric chloride test and arterial blood gases. Also high-performance liquid chromatography could be used but this requires time that would not be available in a serious toxicity. Salicylic acid has many related compounds, for example, benzoic acid, phenol, magnesium salicylate and aminosalicylic acid. Test for these could also be done to help determine the source. Conclusion In conclusion the results from the visible spectroscopy show that the woman did not have salicylic acid toxicity even though she did take aspirin. As her levels where not toxic there has to be another reason for her driving. To confirm this more test could be done like the urine pH and the arterial blood gasses. Also test on the related compounds could be carried out to confirm is she did take aspirin or if the levels in of salicylate in her blood are from elsewhere. The next thing to do would be to test for alcohol and other drugs both legal and illegal. Other drugs to test for could be things like cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, marijuana, methadone, tramadol and oxycodone. These could be testing for either through the blood, urine or hair.

‘’Reunion’’ by John Cheever

A. An essay analyzing the short story This essay is going to be an analysis and interpretation of the short story ‘’Reunion’’ by John Cheever. It will begin with a summary of the short story. Afterwards the plot, the conflict and the setting will be analyzed. Then I’ll move on to the characterization, the possible surprise ending and the theme and message. Finally I will draw parallels between the short story ‘’Reunion’’ and the essay ‘’Living With Strangers’’ by Siri Hustvedt. ‘’Reunion’’ is a short story about a boy called Charlie and his last interaction with his father.Charlie was travelling by train from his grandmother’s to a cottage his mother had rented. He would be in New York for about an hour and thirty minutes while waiting for the new train and therefore he wanted to meet his father. He hadn’t seen his father for three years and Charlie was exi ted to see the man he looked up to again. Because of the lack of time, they couldn’t go and see the father’s club, so they had to find a restaurant in the area. They went to four restaurants and they get more or less thrown out of all four. The father in this short story was either really drunk or/and very arrogant.In all occasions he talked down to waiters or behaved bad in one way or the other. In spite of his bad behavior they managed to get a ‘’Beefeater Gibson’’ at one place. It all ended with the father going up to a newsstand, again with a bad attitude, which was the final straw for Charlie who said ‘’Goodbye, daddy’’ and walked towards the station. That was the last time Charlie saw his father. This short story is one big flashback. The whole story is a flashback that concedes chronologically. It starts with a very short introduction in which Charlie just says ‘’The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station.’’, and from thereon he tells the story as a flashback.The conflict in this story is the high expectations from Charlie. Charlie admires his father very much, but when he meets him, he’s an arrogant and probably drunk jerk. Three years have gone, since they last saw each other and that is a long time. People can change a lot during three years and this is probably what also happened to the father or else Charlie just remembered him differently. The end shows that the conflict was too much to bear for Charlie as he says ‘’†¦that was the last time I saw my father. ’’.The reason why it was the last time they saw each other is probably because of the disappointment Charlie must have felt. Probably he doesn’t want to see his former ‘’hero’’ anymore, because he actually is a jerk. The setting takes places in New York City or more precisely around the Grand Central Station. Furt hermore it takes place in four restaurants and by a newsstand. It is most likely to take place in the last half of the 20th century. It was first published in 1962, but the scene could still take place today. The fact that Charlie’s parents are divorced also makes the story more modern, since that problem is very common nowadays.Back in that time where it was written it was unusual to be divorced, actually it was almost weird. Now let?s move on to the characterizations. Charlie is the main character and he’s probably a young boy. He lives with his mother, as his parents are divorced. His age is not mentioned, but in the text there is a line that makes him sound young: ‘’I knew that when I was grown I would be something like him’’. This makes the reader picture him as a child as he says ‘’when I was grown’’. But o the other hand later on he drinks alcohol with his father, which makes him seem to be almost a grownup.T o begin with, he looks very much up to his father, that changes and it all ends with him not wanting to be with his father and actually never wanting to see him again. During the story he doesn’t really say much. Of course he’s the narrator, but it is the father who leads the conversations. The father owns a club and has a secretary. He smells of ‘’†¦a rich compound of whiskey and after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woollens, and the rankness of a mature male. ’’. The fact that he smells partly of whiskey suggests that he had been drinking. His behavior could also verify that, as he behaved like an unstable person.He could also just be very, very arrogant as he almost feels that he is more than for example the waiters. He talks down to people and is generally very unpleasant. Neither his name or age is mentioned, but he might be in the mid-forties. The characters are directly told about by the narrator for example in this part of the text à ¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢I smelled my father the way my mother sniffs a rose. It was a rich compound of whiskey and after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woollens, and the rankness of a mature male’’. He describes his father directly with a comment on his smell.It is called ‘’direct characterization’’ The father is a flat character – he remains the same throughout the story. He remains being a jerk, while Charlie is a round character as he develops throughout the story. At first he is excited to see his father again, but he ends up not wanting to ever see him again. We are dealing with a first person narrator, who in this story is the protagonist. The ending could be seen as a surprise ending since Charlie starts being excited to see his father but ends up saying ‘’Goodbye’’ and never wanting to see him again.On the other hand it isn’t really surprising, as the father throughout the story seems very unpleasant and may be even embarrassing to be around. It is a case of argument. The themes in this short story are love, father and son relationship, expectations, abuse of alcohol, disappointment (the grass isn’t always greener on the other side) and the hard word ‘’goodbye’’. The message here must be not to have too high expectations and that people change. Now it’s time to draw parallels between ‘’Reunion’’ and ‘’Living With Strangers’’. These two stories both take place in New York and they both touch the subject ‘’the meeting with strangers’’.In ‘’Living With Strangers’’ the narrator tells us about strange strangers, but in ‘’Reunion’’ Charlie’s father actually is the strange stranger. He marks the people he talks down to, with his boisterousness. They will maybe think back some time of the ‘’drunk/arrog ant jerk, who thought he owned the world’’. Generally these two stories show the two sides of a story. Another parallel could be the ‘’not making a big deal out of something’’. The waiters f. ex. don’t make a big deal out of the boisterousness, they just send Charlie’s father outside. That is the ‘’PRETEND IT ISN’T HAPPENING’’-rule.